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Wikipedia - Efalizumab
Efalizumab (trade name Raptiva, Genentech, Merck Serono) is a medication designed to treat psoriasis. As implied by the suffix -zumab, it is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. Efalizumab binds to the CD11a subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and acts as an immunosuppressant. It is administered once weekly by subcutaneous injection. It acts to inhibit white blood cell migration out of blood vessels into tissues. Possibly because of immune system suppression, Efalizumab has been associated in some cases with fatal brain infections and has been withdrawn from the market.[1]
Known side effects include bacterial sepsis, viral meningitis, invasive fungal disease and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a brain infection caused by reactivation of latent JC virus infection.[2][3] Four cases of PML were reported in plaque psoriasis patients, an incidence of approximately one in 500 treated patients.[1]
Due to the risk of PML, the European Medicines Agency and the FDA recommended suspension from the market in the European Union and the United States, respectively.[4] In April, 2009, Genentech Inc. announced a phased voluntary withdrawal of Raptiva from the U.S. market.[5][1]
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Immunomodulators: Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04) |
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Intracellular
(initiation) |
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Intracellular
(reception) |
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| Extracellular |
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Serum target
(noncellular)
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Cellular target
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CD3 (Muromonab-CD3, Otelixizumab, Teplizumab, Visilizumab) · CD4 (Clenoliximab, Keliximab, Zanolimumab) · CD11a (Efalizumab) · CD18 (Erlizumab) · CD20 (Afutuzumab, Ocrelizumab, Pascolizumab) · CD23 (Lumiliximab) · CD40 (Teneliximab, Toralizumab) · CD62L/L-selectin (Aselizumab) · CD80 (Galiximab) · CD147/Basigin (Gavilimomab) · CD154 (Ruplizumab)
BLyS (Belimumab) · CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab) · CAT (Bertilimumab, Lerdelimumab, Metelimumab) · Integrin (Natalizumab) · Interleukin-6 receptor (Tocilizumab) · LFA-1 (Odulimomab)
IL-2 receptor/CD25 (Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Inolimomab)
T-lymphocyte ( Zolimomab aritox)
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Unsorted
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Atorolimumab, Cedelizumab, Dorlixizumab, Fontolizumab, Gantenerumab, Gomiliximab, Maslimomab, Morolimumab, Pexelizumab, Reslizumab, Rovelizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Telimomab aritox, Vapaliximab, Vepalimomab
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Humanized monoclonal antibodies ("-zu-") |
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| "-tuzu-" (tumor) |
Afutuzumab, Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Bivatuzumab mertansine, Cantuzumab mertansine, Citatuzumab bogatox, Dacetuzumab, Elotuzumab†, Etaracizumab, Farletuzumab, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Labetuzumab, Lintuzumab, Matuzumab§, Milatuzumab, Nimotuzumab, Oportuzumab monatox, Pertuzumab, Sibrotuzumab, Tacatuzumab tetraxetan, Tigatuzumab, Trastuzumab, Tucotuzumab celmoleukin, Veltuzumab
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| "-lizu-" (immune system) |
immunosuppressive: Aselizumab, Apolizumab, Benralizumab†, Cedelizumab, Certolizumab pegol, Daclizumab, Eculizumab, Efalizumab, Epratuzumab, Erlizumab, Fontolizumab, Mepolizumab, Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, Omalizumab, Pascolizumab, Pexelizumab, PRO 140†, Reslizumab, Rontalizumab, Rovelizumab, Ruplizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Teplizumab, Tocilizumab, Toralizumab, Vedolizumab, Visilizumab, TGN1412§
non-immunosuppressive: Ibalizumab†
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| "-bazu-" (bacterial) |
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| "-cizu-" (cardiovascular) |
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| "-nezu-"/"-neuzu-" (nervous system) |
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| "-toxazu-" (toxin as target) |
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| "-vizu-" (viral) |
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| "-kizu-" (interleukin as target) |
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| "-anibizu-" (angiogenesis inhibitor) |
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| †Undergoing clinical trials. §Never marketed. |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Efalizumab".
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